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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
The nearest agricultural landscape (AGRI) and distance to the nearest road network landscape (ROAD) were chosen as human DFs.DF of LEH change in semi-arid grasslands was studied using geographic detection method [55,56]. The formula of geographic detection model is described as Equation (2): q = 1 − ∑ h = 1 L N h σ h 2 N σ 2 (2) where h = 1,..., L is the stratification of variable Y or factor X; Nh and N are the unit number of layer h and whole region; σ h 2 and σ2 are the variance of Y values of layer h and whole region, respectively. q represents the size of the driving force. The range of q is [0,1]. The larger the q value, the more obvious the driving force is. 2.4.4. Spatial Statistical Analysis (SSA)In this study, Spatial Change Analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) are used to implement Spatial Statistical Analysis. Spatial distribution of the ecological impacts of open-pit mining and vegetation reconstruction can be identified by EOF method and verified by field investigations [57]. The formula of the EOF method is described as Equation (3): P i [ p 1 i p 2 i p 3 i ⋯ p d i ] = p c 1 i × E O F 1 [ e o f 11 e o f 21 e o f 31 ⋯ e o f d 1 ] + p c 2 i × E O F 2 [ e o f 12 e o f 22 e o f 32 ⋯ e o f d 2 ] + p c 3 i × E O F 3 [ e o f 13 e o f 23 e o f 33 ⋯ e o f d 3 ] + ⋯ + p
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